Showing posts with label 2008 Judicial Primary. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 2008 Judicial Primary. Show all posts
Saturday, August 23, 2008
Ross declared winner in 5th Subcircuit race
John Flynn Rooney reports in the August 21, 2008 the Chicago Daily Law Bulletin that the Circuit Court has declared a winner in the close 5th Subcircuit A race.
Following a recount trial that lasted a week and a half, Associate Judge Alfred Paul ruled Thursday that Dominique C. Ross beat Stephen Stern by 158 votes, 27,682 votes to Stern's 27,524.
Stern, a former President of the Cook County Bar Association, was rated Qualified or Recommended by every bar rating group for the February 2008 Primary. He was rated "Highly Recommended" by the Decalogue Society of Lawyers, the Lesbian and Gay Bar Association of Chicago, and the Puerto Rican Bar Association. He was endorsed by the Chicago Tribune, the Chicago Sun-Times, the Chicago Federation of Labor, and the Chicago Fire Fighters Union, Local 2.
Ross, a Chicago solo practitioner and a lawyer since 1995, did not submit her credentials for review by the Alliance of Bar Associations for Judicial Screening. Ross was found "Not Recommended" by the Chicago Bar Association "at this stage of her career," but the CBA praised her for her "fine demeanor."
Rooney's Law Bulletin article quotes James P. Nally, Stern's attorney, as saying, "We certainly intend to appeal. We've conducted the case to make a good record [on appeal]."
Pending the outcome of any appeal, however, Ross will become a judge in December: No Republican filed for the 5th Subcircuit A vacancy.
Following a recount trial that lasted a week and a half, Associate Judge Alfred Paul ruled Thursday that Dominique C. Ross beat Stephen Stern by 158 votes, 27,682 votes to Stern's 27,524.
Stern, a former President of the Cook County Bar Association, was rated Qualified or Recommended by every bar rating group for the February 2008 Primary. He was rated "Highly Recommended" by the Decalogue Society of Lawyers, the Lesbian and Gay Bar Association of Chicago, and the Puerto Rican Bar Association. He was endorsed by the Chicago Tribune, the Chicago Sun-Times, the Chicago Federation of Labor, and the Chicago Fire Fighters Union, Local 2.
Ross, a Chicago solo practitioner and a lawyer since 1995, did not submit her credentials for review by the Alliance of Bar Associations for Judicial Screening. Ross was found "Not Recommended" by the Chicago Bar Association "at this stage of her career," but the CBA praised her for her "fine demeanor."
Rooney's Law Bulletin article quotes James P. Nally, Stern's attorney, as saying, "We certainly intend to appeal. We've conducted the case to make a good record [on appeal]."
Pending the outcome of any appeal, however, Ross will become a judge in December: No Republican filed for the 5th Subcircuit A vacancy.
Tuesday, March 25, 2008
Better late than never? Not a chance, I'm thinking
This was in my mail yesterday at home (I've edited out my street address). That's yesterday as in March 24:
Too bad for Rosaire Marie Hall that the primary was seven weeks ago.
My wife reminded me that, many years ago, a stack of 'friend to friend' cards in one of my unhappy judicial campaigns was also lost or diverted by the Postal Service until well after the primary. She remembers people telling her weeks afterward: Why didn't you send these sooner? I would have voted for your husband if I'd known....
Thankfully, I'd suppressed all that.
But this untimely delivery almost brings back frightening memories. Ms. Hall has my sympathies.
Too bad for Rosaire Marie Hall that the primary was seven weeks ago.My wife reminded me that, many years ago, a stack of 'friend to friend' cards in one of my unhappy judicial campaigns was also lost or diverted by the Postal Service until well after the primary. She remembers people telling her weeks afterward: Why didn't you send these sooner? I would have voted for your husband if I'd known....
Thankfully, I'd suppressed all that.
But this untimely delivery almost brings back frightening memories. Ms. Hall has my sympathies.
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Stern files recount suit
John Flynn Rooney reports in this evening's Chicago Daily Law Bulletin that 5th Subcircuit judicial candidate Stephen Stern filed suit Monday seeking to force a full recount in his race.According to the results certified earlier this month by the Illinois State Board of Elections, Dominique C. Ross received 27,682 votes to Stern's 27,573 -- a margin of only 109 votes. In his suit, Stern claims that a discovery recount identified sufficient errors and irregularities to justify the full recount. According to Rooney's article, Stern's suit estimates "that after a full recount is concluded, Stern would lose about 40 votes, while Ross would lose approximately 200 votes." That would give Stern a 57 vote margin of victory.
Stern and Ross are both solo practitioners with offices in Chicago. Stern, a former President of the Cook County Bar Association, was found qualified or recommended by every bar association; Ross did not participate in bar association evaluations.
Rooney's article also reports that Paula M. Lingo has decided not to seek a recount in her countywide judicial race against Kristyna C. Ryan. According to State Board of Elections results, Ryan received a total of 302,347 votes, only 1,522 votes more than the 300,825 votes that Lingo received.
Sunday, February 24, 2008
The value of newspaper endorsements in the 2008 Cook County judicial primary
Ross Eagle, husband and law partner of Diane L. Kenworthy, who recently won the nomination of the Democratic Party to the Morrissey vacancy in the 10th Subcircuit, wrote me a note analyzing the role newspaper endorsements played in determining the outcome of the recent primaries. "I never seem to see any after-action report from the newspapers about how often their endorsed candidate prevailed," Eagle wrote -- and then supplied one.
Eagle may have been inspired by the fact that his wife was snubbed by both the Tribune and the Sun-Times (both papers endorsed John Mulroe). Whatever his inspiration, Eagle's analysis was quite interesting.
First, Eagle noted, the daily papers' endorsements were a very good predictor of outcomes in the countywide races. Depending on how the Ryan/Lingo contest for the Murphy vacancy comes out (the last coverage I saw was a Law Bulletin article from February 12 which suggested that provisional votes were still being counted and both sides were gearing up for a possible discovery recount -- with Ryan holding a nearly 1,500 vote advantage) the Tribune may have called the winners in every single one of the nine countywide races. Again, depending on the outcome of the Ryan/Lingo race, the Sun-Times will finish either 7-2 or 6-3.
(Paula Lingo was endorsed by both papers.)
Eagle wrote that the newspaper endorsements "might be overrated when it comes to subcircuit races." Certainly the Tribune's endorsed candidates in these races did not fare nearly as well. Eight of 18 candidates endorsed by the Tribune in the subcircuits were defeated -- with another, Stephen Stern, behind by about 100 votes to Dominique C. Ross in the too-close-to-call race for the A vacancy in the 5th Subcircuit.
Candidates endorsed by the Sun-Times fared even worse: The Sun-Times made endorsements in 19 subcircuit races (the Trib chose not to pick a Republican in the 12th Subcircuit race), but at least 10 of these candidates were defeated -- and possibly 11, depending on how Stern fares in a likely recount.
Stern, like Lingo, was endorsed by both papers. According to Eagle's count at least six other subcircuit candidates were endorsed by both papers... and still lost.
Of course, the newspapers chose not to explain their choices, particularly in the subcircuits. The Tribune provided only the job titles of the subcircuit candidates it endorsed ("Judge", "Assistant State's Attorney", the ever-illuminating "Attorney", etc.). The Sun-Times didn't even provide that much; except in six races (one countywide, one subcircuit) the Sun-Times provided only the names of the candidates it favored.
On the other hand, even in the subcircuit races where the Sun-Times offered some insight into its selections, the paper still went only 2-3. Two of those three 'losses' came in the 10th Subcircuit. Eagle observed that, while the Sun-Times endorsed none of the three winners in the 10th Subcircuit races, the Democratic Party was only 1-2 (Kenworthy being the lone slated candidate to prevail) and the Tribune was only 1-2 as well (it endorsed Ursula Walowski for the Kowalski vacancy).
Further analysis is surely in order.
Eagle may have been inspired by the fact that his wife was snubbed by both the Tribune and the Sun-Times (both papers endorsed John Mulroe). Whatever his inspiration, Eagle's analysis was quite interesting.
First, Eagle noted, the daily papers' endorsements were a very good predictor of outcomes in the countywide races. Depending on how the Ryan/Lingo contest for the Murphy vacancy comes out (the last coverage I saw was a Law Bulletin article from February 12 which suggested that provisional votes were still being counted and both sides were gearing up for a possible discovery recount -- with Ryan holding a nearly 1,500 vote advantage) the Tribune may have called the winners in every single one of the nine countywide races. Again, depending on the outcome of the Ryan/Lingo race, the Sun-Times will finish either 7-2 or 6-3.
(Paula Lingo was endorsed by both papers.)
Eagle wrote that the newspaper endorsements "might be overrated when it comes to subcircuit races." Certainly the Tribune's endorsed candidates in these races did not fare nearly as well. Eight of 18 candidates endorsed by the Tribune in the subcircuits were defeated -- with another, Stephen Stern, behind by about 100 votes to Dominique C. Ross in the too-close-to-call race for the A vacancy in the 5th Subcircuit.
Candidates endorsed by the Sun-Times fared even worse: The Sun-Times made endorsements in 19 subcircuit races (the Trib chose not to pick a Republican in the 12th Subcircuit race), but at least 10 of these candidates were defeated -- and possibly 11, depending on how Stern fares in a likely recount.
Stern, like Lingo, was endorsed by both papers. According to Eagle's count at least six other subcircuit candidates were endorsed by both papers... and still lost.
Of course, the newspapers chose not to explain their choices, particularly in the subcircuits. The Tribune provided only the job titles of the subcircuit candidates it endorsed ("Judge", "Assistant State's Attorney", the ever-illuminating "Attorney", etc.). The Sun-Times didn't even provide that much; except in six races (one countywide, one subcircuit) the Sun-Times provided only the names of the candidates it favored.
On the other hand, even in the subcircuit races where the Sun-Times offered some insight into its selections, the paper still went only 2-3. Two of those three 'losses' came in the 10th Subcircuit. Eagle observed that, while the Sun-Times endorsed none of the three winners in the 10th Subcircuit races, the Democratic Party was only 1-2 (Kenworthy being the lone slated candidate to prevail) and the Tribune was only 1-2 as well (it endorsed Ursula Walowski for the Kowalski vacancy).
Further analysis is surely in order.
What's in a name? A scholar offers an opinion
In the course of my primary project, I had the opportunity to correspond with Albert J. Klumpp, PhD, a Research Analyst with the Chicago firm of McDermott Will & Emery LLP.
Dr. Klumpp's 2005 Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Illinois (Chicago) was entitled, "Judicial Retention Elections in Cook County: Exercise of Democracy, or Exercise in Futility." He has since published in Chicago legal publications on retention elections including, "Voter Information and Judicial Retention Elections in Illinois," 94 Ill. B.J. 538 (October 2006) (membership required), and "Cook County Judicial Elections: Partisanship, Campaign Spending, & Voter Information," CBA Record, January 2007 (p. 34).
While he continues to study judicial retention elections, Klumpp has developed "a model for analyzing primary elections" that he's only just begun to test. Klumpp wrote that his tentative model "indicates that female candidates had a gender advantage of nearly 200,000 votes. That's for one female candidate running against one or more male candidates; multiple female candidates in a contest split the advantage. That compares to shifts of around 60,000 for slating, 120,000 for a sweep of superior recommendations from the Tribune, Sun-Times, CBA and CCL, and 130,000 for an Irish-name advantage. I don't have final figures on campaign spending so these numbers could change somewhat -- campaign spending may have had an effect in a few contests -- and with only a dozen races it's not exactly a large data set, but the model appears to work very well so I think those numbers will pretty much hold up."
If I understand this correctly, this model would predict that a woman two years out of law school, but possessed of an obviously Irish name, would pretty much always beat a man with a non-Irish name even if the man were (a) slated by the Democratic Party, (b) endorsed by both Chicago daily papers, and (c) rated qualified by both the CBA and CCL.
If this tentative model is even close to accurate, the need for redoubled efforts at voter education in judicial primary elections is clearly demonstrated.
And just one other thing -- only a 60,000 vote boost for being slated?
Wow.
Dr. Klumpp's 2005 Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Illinois (Chicago) was entitled, "Judicial Retention Elections in Cook County: Exercise of Democracy, or Exercise in Futility." He has since published in Chicago legal publications on retention elections including, "Voter Information and Judicial Retention Elections in Illinois," 94 Ill. B.J. 538 (October 2006) (membership required), and "Cook County Judicial Elections: Partisanship, Campaign Spending, & Voter Information," CBA Record, January 2007 (p. 34).
While he continues to study judicial retention elections, Klumpp has developed "a model for analyzing primary elections" that he's only just begun to test. Klumpp wrote that his tentative model "indicates that female candidates had a gender advantage of nearly 200,000 votes. That's for one female candidate running against one or more male candidates; multiple female candidates in a contest split the advantage. That compares to shifts of around 60,000 for slating, 120,000 for a sweep of superior recommendations from the Tribune, Sun-Times, CBA and CCL, and 130,000 for an Irish-name advantage. I don't have final figures on campaign spending so these numbers could change somewhat -- campaign spending may have had an effect in a few contests -- and with only a dozen races it's not exactly a large data set, but the model appears to work very well so I think those numbers will pretty much hold up."
If I understand this correctly, this model would predict that a woman two years out of law school, but possessed of an obviously Irish name, would pretty much always beat a man with a non-Irish name even if the man were (a) slated by the Democratic Party, (b) endorsed by both Chicago daily papers, and (c) rated qualified by both the CBA and CCL.
If this tentative model is even close to accurate, the need for redoubled efforts at voter education in judicial primary elections is clearly demonstrated.
And just one other thing -- only a 60,000 vote boost for being slated?
Wow.
Babcock posts campaign valedictory
James E. Babock, Jr. has posted a "final letter" on his website, expressing his thanks to friends and supporters in his recent unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for the Ryan vacancy in the 13th Subcircuit, offering some observations about events during the campaign and venturing some suggestions for improvement of the election process in the future.Babcock provides his perspective on the Daily Herald's coverage in this and prior campaigns. An excerpt:
[The Daily Herald's] influence in judicial races became noticed in an article printed on the eve of the 2006 primary wherein it printed an article based on innuendo about Marty Kelly who was the only candidate with a “Qualified” rating from the Chicago Bar Association. It is apparent that the article was not researched. Had the reporter researched it, he would have noticed that the CBA’s evaluation terminology is “Not Recommended”, “Qualified” and “Highly Qualified.” Here is an excerpt of the article:The insinuation was that Kelley received the recommendation because of his prior service on the committee -- and that his opponents were somehow disadvantaged by this. Quoth Babcock, "Attorneys volunteer as investigators and it is a time consuming and important task. Each investigation requires calling attorneys and judges listed on a candidate’s application which in some cases may be 28 pages long and preparing an investigative report for the 18 member committee to review for the candidate interview. Those that participate in the process probably spend at least 40 volunteer hours per application. The allegation was baseless, the damage was done with no time to react, and the question remains, 'Who was the source?'" (Babcock does not have an answer to the question -- but his opinion, clearly, is that Kelley's candidacy was damaged, perhaps fatally, by the article: Jill C. Marisie won the nomination and was elected without opposition in November 2006.)Judicial candidate ratings in question. Andrew Schroedter, Daily Herald Staff Writer. Republican judicial candidate Martin C. Kelley received a “recommended” rating from the Chicago Bar Association. Jill C. Marisie and Cary J. Collins, Kelley’s fellow candidates in the GOP primary for the Cook County Circuit Court 13th judicial subcircuit were “not recommended.” Kelly, however, is a former investigator for the Chicago Bar Association’s judicial evaluation committee, the same panel that rates judicial candidates. He resigned from the committee when he decided to run for the seat….
Regular readers of this blog will have seen comments on some prior posts suggesting that this rating or that was personally or politically motivated. There are going to be instances where reasonable people can disagree on ratings -- there are numerous instances just in this past campaign where bar associations, reviewing the same materials on the same candidate, arrived at different opinions. However, I submit that the people of Cook County owe a debt of gratitude to these anonymous evaluators. Lawyers looking for opportunities for pro bono service would be well advised to volunteer to help out on the judicial evaluation committee of the bar association of their choice -- even if, and maybe particularly if, that service inspires the lawyer to someday run judicial office for himself or herself.
Babcock's essay also notes how, just before this primary, the Daily Herald chose to print a table showing only three of the bar associations' candidate evaluations. Here is a copy of that table (click to enlarge):
Babcock makes the point that, in choosing to list the recommendations of only three of the bar associations, and even in the brief description of the three bar associations contained in the table, the Daily Herald was indeed editorializing -- even if it didn't make its own formal endorsements.If you see any other election post-mortems, leave a comment or send an email to this blog.
Saturday, February 23, 2008
Dropping some numbers from the Cook County primary
Anita Alvarez won the Democratic nomination for Cook County State's Attorney and female candidates won most of the contested judicial primaries -- but not all of them.
In the marquee match-up at the top of the ballot, Favorite Son Barack Obama won 72.80% of the City vote -- while the once-presumptive nominee, Hillary Clinton, could grab only 25.29%. Senator Clinton did better in suburban Cook County -- but she still received only 34.82% of the vote, to Obama's 63.23%. On the other hand, as Abdon M. Pallasch pointed out in a February 11, 2008 article in the Chicago Sun-Times, Clinton carried a number of wards on the City's Northwest and Southwest Sides -- in wards whose committeemen claimed to support Obama over Clinton and 38th Ward Alderman Tom Allen over Alvarez.
It's tempting to generalize from the Alvarez victory, the concentrated pockets of support for Hillary Clinton, and the success of so many female judicial candidates that 2008 was yet another "Year of the Woman."
But it wasn't really the same voters who chose between Senators Obama and Clinton, selected Anita Alvarez, or voted for the judges: There's a drop-off as voters go down the ballot. Just over a million people voted for President in the recent Democratic Primary in Cook County (1,072,357 if you're being precise), but only about 88% of them voted for State's Attorney -- 944,269 in all, or 128,088 fewer.
One out of four Democratic primary voters left the booth before reaching the first of the countywide judicial races: Only 810,588 people voted in the Disko vacancy -- 261,769 fewer than the number that voted for President (75.6%). Only 71.6% of the voters who made a selection in the presidential contest voted in the Thomas vacancy, the last of the countywide vacancies. It wasn't a straightline dropoff down the judicial ballot... but it was close. Here are the percentages of presidential voters who voted in each of the countywide judicial contests, in ballot order:
Disko vacancy -- 75.6%
Glowacki vacancy -- 75.7%
Healy vacancy -- 73.8%
Keehan vacany -- 74.1%
Lott vacancy -- 74.7%
Montelione vacancy -- 72.8%
Murphy vacancy -- 69.4%
Nowicki vacancy -- 72.1%
Thomas vacancy -- 71.6%
The dropoff percentages weren't exact, but they were pretty close whether one looks at City-only or suburb-only numbers. For example, in the suburbs, 89.3% of presidential voters also voted for State's Attorney, 75.7% for the Disko vacancy, and 73.1% for the Thomas vacancy. In the City, 87% of the presidential voters made a choice in the race for State's attorney, 75.5% in the race for the Disko vacancy, and 70.5% in the race for the Thomas vacancy.
Oddly, it does not seem to make much difference whether the ward is solid performer for the regular Democratic Party or whether it strikes an independent pose.
Thus, in the 8th Ward, where 21,065 people voted for President (almost all of them -- more than 95% -- voting for Barack Obama), only 91% of them stayed around to vote for State's Attorney (this was Ald. Brookins' best wards, second only to his own 21st Ward). The dropoff was not as precipitous as it was countywide, but even so, by the time 8th Ward voters reached the Disko vacancy, only 80% remained. Only 76% of the voters who voted for President voted in the Thomas vacancy; only 75.7% of the presidential voters made a choice in the 1st Subcircuit Turkington vacancy.
Ald. Gene Schulter was unopposed in his bid to remain Committeeman of the 47th Ward. Diana L. Kenworthy, who won the race for the Morrissey vacancy in the 10th Subcircuit, received strong support from the 47th Ward Democratic Organization. But the dropoff figures were actually lower than average: Only 84.8% of the presidential voters made a selection in the State's Attorney's race, 71.8% in the race for the Disko vacancy, 66.9% in the Thomas vacancy -- and only 56.6% in the Morrissey vacancy. (The subcircuit figures are a little lower because a few precincts of the 47th Ward are in the 6th Subcircuit.)
Ralph Capparelli, the long-time Committeeman of the 41st Ward, lost his bid to hold his post (losing to Mary O'Connor), so it should hardly be considered an organization stronghold -- but the dropoff figures in the 41st Ward were in line with (and even a little less than) the countywide averages: 93.6% of presidential voters made a choice in the race for State's Attorney, 76.1% in the Disko vacancy, 72.6% for the Thomas vacancy, and between 65.9% and 61.9% in the three 10th Subcircuit races -- the high figure coming also in the race for the Morrissey vacancy, where 41st Ward resident John Mulroe received very strong support.
Lakefront wards also conformed to this pattern. Tom Tunney's 44th Ward underperformed the averages: Only 76.6% of presidential voters made selections in the State's Attorney's race, only 64% in the Disko vacancy, and only 57.9% in the Thomas vacancy. More people actually voted in the 8th Subcircuit race in the 44th Ward than in some of the county races: 8,878 people, or only 62.7% of the presidential voters. Carol Ronen's 48th Ward underperformed a little less: 83.5% of presidential voters expressed their choice in the State's Attorney's race, 69.8% in the Disko vacany, and 63% in the Thomas vacancy. Most of the 48th Ward is in the 8th Subcircuit -- but not all -- which is why only 56% of 48th Ward presidential voters made choices in the 8th Subcircuit race.
Here's the unhappy bottom line for candidates making direct mail buys of primary voting lists: The mailing piece will be wasted on at least one of four recipients, and maybe three of every 10.
When time permits, I hope to go back to prior elections to see how this year's dropoffs compare with those in prior years. Coming sooner: Conclusions that others have drawn from this year's numbers.
In the marquee match-up at the top of the ballot, Favorite Son Barack Obama won 72.80% of the City vote -- while the once-presumptive nominee, Hillary Clinton, could grab only 25.29%. Senator Clinton did better in suburban Cook County -- but she still received only 34.82% of the vote, to Obama's 63.23%. On the other hand, as Abdon M. Pallasch pointed out in a February 11, 2008 article in the Chicago Sun-Times, Clinton carried a number of wards on the City's Northwest and Southwest Sides -- in wards whose committeemen claimed to support Obama over Clinton and 38th Ward Alderman Tom Allen over Alvarez.
It's tempting to generalize from the Alvarez victory, the concentrated pockets of support for Hillary Clinton, and the success of so many female judicial candidates that 2008 was yet another "Year of the Woman."
But it wasn't really the same voters who chose between Senators Obama and Clinton, selected Anita Alvarez, or voted for the judges: There's a drop-off as voters go down the ballot. Just over a million people voted for President in the recent Democratic Primary in Cook County (1,072,357 if you're being precise), but only about 88% of them voted for State's Attorney -- 944,269 in all, or 128,088 fewer.
One out of four Democratic primary voters left the booth before reaching the first of the countywide judicial races: Only 810,588 people voted in the Disko vacancy -- 261,769 fewer than the number that voted for President (75.6%). Only 71.6% of the voters who made a selection in the presidential contest voted in the Thomas vacancy, the last of the countywide vacancies. It wasn't a straightline dropoff down the judicial ballot... but it was close. Here are the percentages of presidential voters who voted in each of the countywide judicial contests, in ballot order:
Disko vacancy -- 75.6%
Glowacki vacancy -- 75.7%
Healy vacancy -- 73.8%
Keehan vacany -- 74.1%
Lott vacancy -- 74.7%
Montelione vacancy -- 72.8%
Murphy vacancy -- 69.4%
Nowicki vacancy -- 72.1%
Thomas vacancy -- 71.6%
The dropoff percentages weren't exact, but they were pretty close whether one looks at City-only or suburb-only numbers. For example, in the suburbs, 89.3% of presidential voters also voted for State's Attorney, 75.7% for the Disko vacancy, and 73.1% for the Thomas vacancy. In the City, 87% of the presidential voters made a choice in the race for State's attorney, 75.5% in the race for the Disko vacancy, and 70.5% in the race for the Thomas vacancy.
Oddly, it does not seem to make much difference whether the ward is solid performer for the regular Democratic Party or whether it strikes an independent pose.
Thus, in the 8th Ward, where 21,065 people voted for President (almost all of them -- more than 95% -- voting for Barack Obama), only 91% of them stayed around to vote for State's Attorney (this was Ald. Brookins' best wards, second only to his own 21st Ward). The dropoff was not as precipitous as it was countywide, but even so, by the time 8th Ward voters reached the Disko vacancy, only 80% remained. Only 76% of the voters who voted for President voted in the Thomas vacancy; only 75.7% of the presidential voters made a choice in the 1st Subcircuit Turkington vacancy.
Ald. Gene Schulter was unopposed in his bid to remain Committeeman of the 47th Ward. Diana L. Kenworthy, who won the race for the Morrissey vacancy in the 10th Subcircuit, received strong support from the 47th Ward Democratic Organization. But the dropoff figures were actually lower than average: Only 84.8% of the presidential voters made a selection in the State's Attorney's race, 71.8% in the race for the Disko vacancy, 66.9% in the Thomas vacancy -- and only 56.6% in the Morrissey vacancy. (The subcircuit figures are a little lower because a few precincts of the 47th Ward are in the 6th Subcircuit.)
Ralph Capparelli, the long-time Committeeman of the 41st Ward, lost his bid to hold his post (losing to Mary O'Connor), so it should hardly be considered an organization stronghold -- but the dropoff figures in the 41st Ward were in line with (and even a little less than) the countywide averages: 93.6% of presidential voters made a choice in the race for State's Attorney, 76.1% in the Disko vacancy, 72.6% for the Thomas vacancy, and between 65.9% and 61.9% in the three 10th Subcircuit races -- the high figure coming also in the race for the Morrissey vacancy, where 41st Ward resident John Mulroe received very strong support.
Lakefront wards also conformed to this pattern. Tom Tunney's 44th Ward underperformed the averages: Only 76.6% of presidential voters made selections in the State's Attorney's race, only 64% in the Disko vacancy, and only 57.9% in the Thomas vacancy. More people actually voted in the 8th Subcircuit race in the 44th Ward than in some of the county races: 8,878 people, or only 62.7% of the presidential voters. Carol Ronen's 48th Ward underperformed a little less: 83.5% of presidential voters expressed their choice in the State's Attorney's race, 69.8% in the Disko vacany, and 63% in the Thomas vacancy. Most of the 48th Ward is in the 8th Subcircuit -- but not all -- which is why only 56% of 48th Ward presidential voters made choices in the 8th Subcircuit race.
Here's the unhappy bottom line for candidates making direct mail buys of primary voting lists: The mailing piece will be wasted on at least one of four recipients, and maybe three of every 10.
When time permits, I hope to go back to prior elections to see how this year's dropoffs compare with those in prior years. Coming sooner: Conclusions that others have drawn from this year's numbers.
Friday, February 08, 2008
Dear Professor Lubet -- I think you were wrong
That's Northwestern University Law Professor Steven Lubet at left.Professor Lubet commented on this blog's recent project to provide information about Cook County Circuit Court candidates in a January 21, 2008 article in the Chicago Daily Law Bulletin.
Pat Milhizer's article quoted Lubet as saying, "I doubt anybody surfs the Web looking for judicial candidates."
But I think there's evidence to the contrary.
There's no question that, at first, the judicial primary project attracted mostly candidates, their friends and families. Still, traffic had grown to 50 or 60 hits a day by the end of 2007; after an early January mention on The Capitol Fax Blog (and it was just a mention -- one line in a Morning Shorts post), traffic ramped up to almost 200 a day. Now look at this:
Now... some 500,000 voters actually voted in the Cook County judicial primary, so even the thousand or so visitors a day on and just before February 5 aren't that many.But some people clearly were looking on the Web for information to help them make informed choices on Super Tuesday.
And more would have if the newspapers had broken their vow of silence to inform voters that information about judicial candidates was available here -- and in several other places -- on the Internet.
Wednesday, February 06, 2008
Ward by ward numbers!
We know (most of) the winners now.
But where did the votes come from?
The Chicago Board of Elections has already posted ward by ward breakdowns -- with precinct by precinct numbers beneath!
Computers are an amazing thing.
If you haven't already clicked over to the City site, let's look at some selected races and see where candidates did... and didn't get support.
Subcircuits are spread over a dozen or more wards; many have territory in both city and suburbs. However, there are four or five 'core' wards in each subcircuit with substantial City territory.
Take the 8th Subcircuit, for example. The key wards are 48, 46, 44, 43 and 42. Ann Collins Dole, who won this race, carried roughly 33% in 42, 43, and 46. In the 48th Ward, she had 31.15% of the vote; in the 46th, she received 32.08%. That's a fairly even distribution.
Contrast this to the Morrissey vacancy in the 10th Subcircuit. Diana Kenworthy won this race; she was the slated candidate and hails from the 47th Ward, at the eastern end of this subcircuit. The key wards in the 10th Subcircuit run are 47, 39, 41 and 45. The 41st Ward is on the far Northwest corner of the City. Kenworthy's closest competitor, John G. Mulroe, comes from the 41st Ward.
Unlike the relatively even distribution in the 8th Subcircuit, in the race for the Morrissey vacancy, Kenworthy polled 58.28% of the vote in the 47th Ward, but only 25.87% of the vote in 41. On the other hand, Mulroe received 58.53% of the vote in the 41st Ward -- but only 25.04% of the vote in 47. In the 45th Ward, Mulroe and Kenworthy each pulled close to 40% of the vote -- but in 39 Kenworthy received 41.10% of the vote, about 600 more votes than Mulroe received.
The other two slated candidates in the 10th Subcircuit were appointed Judges James E. Snyder and Kenneth L. Fletcher. But they aren't from 47. Of these four core wards, Fletcher's and Snyder's best percentages came out of 47 -- but these were only 25.54% for Fletcher, 36.01% for Snyder.
Update: the link works... but the numbers seem to have vanished, at least for now. I'll keep looking in....
But where did the votes come from?
The Chicago Board of Elections has already posted ward by ward breakdowns -- with precinct by precinct numbers beneath!
Computers are an amazing thing.
If you haven't already clicked over to the City site, let's look at some selected races and see where candidates did... and didn't get support.
Subcircuits are spread over a dozen or more wards; many have territory in both city and suburbs. However, there are four or five 'core' wards in each subcircuit with substantial City territory.
Take the 8th Subcircuit, for example. The key wards are 48, 46, 44, 43 and 42. Ann Collins Dole, who won this race, carried roughly 33% in 42, 43, and 46. In the 48th Ward, she had 31.15% of the vote; in the 46th, she received 32.08%. That's a fairly even distribution.
Contrast this to the Morrissey vacancy in the 10th Subcircuit. Diana Kenworthy won this race; she was the slated candidate and hails from the 47th Ward, at the eastern end of this subcircuit. The key wards in the 10th Subcircuit run are 47, 39, 41 and 45. The 41st Ward is on the far Northwest corner of the City. Kenworthy's closest competitor, John G. Mulroe, comes from the 41st Ward.
Unlike the relatively even distribution in the 8th Subcircuit, in the race for the Morrissey vacancy, Kenworthy polled 58.28% of the vote in the 47th Ward, but only 25.87% of the vote in 41. On the other hand, Mulroe received 58.53% of the vote in the 41st Ward -- but only 25.04% of the vote in 47. In the 45th Ward, Mulroe and Kenworthy each pulled close to 40% of the vote -- but in 39 Kenworthy received 41.10% of the vote, about 600 more votes than Mulroe received.
The other two slated candidates in the 10th Subcircuit were appointed Judges James E. Snyder and Kenneth L. Fletcher. But they aren't from 47. Of these four core wards, Fletcher's and Snyder's best percentages came out of 47 -- but these were only 25.54% for Fletcher, 36.01% for Snyder.
Update: the link works... but the numbers seem to have vanished, at least for now. I'll keep looking in....
Only 83 votes separate candidates for 5th Subcircuit A vacancy
These are the 11:31 a.m. numbers.
It's hard to get closer than this.
| DEM - Judge, 5th Subcircuit (Additional Judgeship A) |
| 310 out of 315 precincts (98.41 %) |
| Stephen Stern | 26,947 | 49.92 % |
| Dominique C. Ross | 27,030 | 50.08 % |
It's hard to get closer than this.
Update on the race for the Murphy vacancy
Here are the suburban numbers in the Ryan/Lingo race:
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Murphy)
Precincts Counted: 2,249 of 2,290 (98.21%)
These City numbers were last updated at 11:31 a.m. today:
That adds up as follows:
Kristyna Colleen Ryan -- 292,620
Paula M. Lingo -- 290,968
That puts Ms. Ryan 1,652 votes ahead on these unofficial numbers.
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Murphy)
Precincts Counted: 2,249 of 2,290 (98.21%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Kristyna Colleen Ryan | 132,501 | 42.64% |
| Paula M. Lingo | 108,743 | 35.00% |
| Frank James Ryan | 69,467 | 22.36% |
These City numbers were last updated at 11:31 a.m. today:
| DEM - Judge of the Circuit Court (Vacancy of Murphy) |
| 2535 out of 2579 precincts (98.29 %) |
| Kristyna Colleen Ryan | 160,119 | 36.69 % |
| Paula M. Lingo | 182,225 | 41.76 % |
| Frank James Ryan | 94,035 | 21.55 % |
That adds up as follows:
Kristyna Colleen Ryan -- 292,620
Paula M. Lingo -- 290,968
That puts Ms. Ryan 1,652 votes ahead on these unofficial numbers.
Aftermath: Looking for patterns -- and feedback
Maybe it's too soon to talk about it. For a number of the candidates in yesterday's primary, it almost certainly is. But let's start analyzing the results and let people join in as they see fit.
Here are the countywide slated candidates and their fates:
Judge Lauretta Higgins Wolfson -- lost to Judge Dennis J. Burke
Associate Judge Jesse G. Reyes -- former President of the Illinois Judges Association moves to a full Circuit Court judgeship
Judge Maureen Ward Kirby -- appointed judge handily defeats single opponent
Judge Marilyn F. Johnson -- ditto
Thomas J. Byrne -- appears to have bested Joanne Marie "Jody" Rogers by a narrow margin
Judge Thaddeus L. Wilson -- appointed judge falls to Debra B. Walker
Paula M. Lingo -- here are the latest results from the City:
And the County:
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Murphy)
Precincts Counted: 2,221 of 2,290 (96.99%)
Ryan holds a lead, on these figures, of 1,953 votes -- too close, presumably, to call. But the gap has grown since I started tracking this last night.
Judge Michael B. Hyman -- appointed judge pulls off a victory in a four-way contest for the Nowicki vacancy that got more ink (in the Sun-Times) than all the other judicial races put together.
Judge Joan Powell -- appointed judge prevails in another four-person contest.
So the slated candidates won in only six of eight contests, with the ninth apparently still undecided.
Is that a good result or a bad result for the Cook County Democratic Party?
Related question: How many wards or township organizations deviated from the slate? In my home 41st Ward, only Judge Wolfson was mentioned on the ward organization's mailing... but, then, the long-time Committeeman, Ralph C. Capparelli, lost his bid for reelection, too (to Mary O'Connor). The 49th Ward strayed from the slate in three of the nine Circuit Court races. Can you provide other examples?
Appointed judges seem to have fared well in the countywide contests... but badly in the subcircuits. What weight does a Supreme Court appointment have with voters? What did you hear yesterday about this? What are your speculations?
Here are the countywide slated candidates and their fates:
Judge Lauretta Higgins Wolfson -- lost to Judge Dennis J. Burke
Associate Judge Jesse G. Reyes -- former President of the Illinois Judges Association moves to a full Circuit Court judgeship
Judge Maureen Ward Kirby -- appointed judge handily defeats single opponent
Judge Marilyn F. Johnson -- ditto
Thomas J. Byrne -- appears to have bested Joanne Marie "Jody" Rogers by a narrow margin
Judge Thaddeus L. Wilson -- appointed judge falls to Debra B. Walker
Paula M. Lingo -- here are the latest results from the City:
| DEM - Judge of the Circuit Court (Vacancy of Murphy) |
| 2502 out of 2579 precincts (97.01 %) |
| Kristyna Colleen Ryan | 156,398 | 36.72 % |
| Paula M. Lingo | 177,880 | 41.76 % |
| Frank James Ryan | 91,664 | 21.52 % |
And the County:
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Murphy)
Precincts Counted: 2,221 of 2,290 (96.99%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Kristyna Colleen Ryan | 130,743 | 42.63% |
| Paula M. Lingo | 107,308 | 34.99% |
| Frank James Ryan | 68,615 | 22.37% |
Ryan holds a lead, on these figures, of 1,953 votes -- too close, presumably, to call. But the gap has grown since I started tracking this last night.
Judge Michael B. Hyman -- appointed judge pulls off a victory in a four-way contest for the Nowicki vacancy that got more ink (in the Sun-Times) than all the other judicial races put together.
Judge Joan Powell -- appointed judge prevails in another four-person contest.
So the slated candidates won in only six of eight contests, with the ninth apparently still undecided.
Is that a good result or a bad result for the Cook County Democratic Party?
Related question: How many wards or township organizations deviated from the slate? In my home 41st Ward, only Judge Wolfson was mentioned on the ward organization's mailing... but, then, the long-time Committeeman, Ralph C. Capparelli, lost his bid for reelection, too (to Mary O'Connor). The 49th Ward strayed from the slate in three of the nine Circuit Court races. Can you provide other examples?
Appointed judges seem to have fared well in the countywide contests... but badly in the subcircuits. What weight does a Supreme Court appointment have with voters? What did you hear yesterday about this? What are your speculations?
Morask beats Ryan for Republican nomination in 12th Subcircuit
These are the latest available numbers from the Cook County Clerk:
REP - Cook Circuit Court Judge 12th Sub (Devlin)
Precincts Counted: 321 of 339 (94.69%)
REP - Cook Circuit Court Judge 12th Sub (Devlin)
Precincts Counted: 321 of 339 (94.69%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Laura J. Morask | 10,168 | 53.06% |
| Michaela Nolan Ryan | 8,996 | 46.94% |
Cliffhanger for 5th Subcircuit A vacancy
These are City numbers as of 11:57 p.m. This one won't be over for some time.
Bumped up upon update.
| DEM - Judge, 5th Subcircuit (Additional Judgeship A) |
| 308 out of 315 precincts (97.78 %) |
| Stephen Stern | 26,470 | 49.91 % |
| Dominique C. Ross | 26,566 | 50.09 % |
Bumped up upon update.
Rogers leading Gomolinski in 4th Subcircuit
Another appointed judge is in trouble: Here are the latest available numbers from the Cook County Clerk:
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 4th Sub (Shultz)
Precincts Counted: 309 of 347 (89.05%)
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 4th Sub (Shultz)
Precincts Counted: 309 of 347 (89.05%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| William Edward Gomolinski | 11,167 | 26.38% |
| Pat Rogers | 12,771 | 30.17% |
| John M. Allegretti | 5,198 | 12.28% |
| Deirdre Ann McGuire | 6,918 | 16.34% |
| Carmen Kathleen Aguilar | 6,271 | 14.82% |
Tuesday, February 05, 2008
Kristyna Colleen Ryan takes lead over Paula Lingo for Murphy vacancy
It may have been "Paczki Day" in Chicago today, not the Feast of St. Patrick, but it was still a great day to be Irish if you were running for judge.
And/or female.
Apparently.
The race for the Murphy vacancy provides another illustration of this point (scroll down for more). Here are the City numbers in the race for the Murphy vacancy:
The County numbers give Ryan a similar lead:
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Murphy)
Precincts Counted: 2,063 of 2,290 (90.09%)
These numbers give Ryan an 1,156 vote lead over Lingo.
Paula M. Lingo was the slated candidate of the Democratic Party, endorsed by the newspapers, by the FOP, by the Firefighters, by the Chicago Federation of Labor, rated qualified or recommended by the bar associations -- but she holds only a 10,000 vote lead at this juncture over Kristyna Colleen Ryan, who did not submit her credentials to any bar association.
Bumped up upon update.
And/or female.
Apparently.
The race for the Murphy vacancy provides another illustration of this point (scroll down for more). Here are the City numbers in the race for the Murphy vacancy:
| DEM - Judge of the Circuit Court (Vacancy of Murphy) |
| 2334 out of 2579 precincts (90.50 %) |
| Kristyna Colleen Ryan | 145,329 | 36.75 % |
| Paula M. Lingo | 165,121 | 41.76 % |
| Frank James Ryan | 84,967 | 21.49 % |
The County numbers give Ryan a similar lead:
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Murphy)
Precincts Counted: 2,063 of 2,290 (90.09%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Kristyna Colleen Ryan | 120,176 | 42.62% |
| Paula M. Lingo | 99,228 | 35.19% |
| Frank James Ryan | 62,582 | 22.19% |
These numbers give Ryan an 1,156 vote lead over Lingo.
Paula M. Lingo was the slated candidate of the Democratic Party, endorsed by the newspapers, by the FOP, by the Firefighters, by the Chicago Federation of Labor, rated qualified or recommended by the bar associations -- but she holds only a 10,000 vote lead at this juncture over Kristyna Colleen Ryan, who did not submit her credentials to any bar association.
Bumped up upon update.
Anita Rivkin-Carothers holds seat in 7th Subcircuit
It wasn't all bleak for Supreme Court appointees. Anita Rivkin-Carothers was appointed in the 7th Subcircuit, and she seems to have held off a crowded field of challengers. These are the City numbers:
These are the Suburban numbers:
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 7th Sub (Young)
Precincts Counted: 68 of 75 (90.67%)
| DEM - Judge, 7th Subcircuit (Vacancy of Young) |
| 226 out of 255 precincts (88.63 %) |
| Anita Rivkin-Carothers | 21,084 | 53.91 % |
| Melanie Rose Nuby | 8,090 | 20.68 % |
| Kevin Kenneth Pechous | 1,881 | 4.81 % |
| David H. Latham | 2,943 | 7.52 % |
| T. Lee Boyd Jr. | 5,113 | 13.07 % |
These are the Suburban numbers:
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 7th Sub (Young)
Precincts Counted: 68 of 75 (90.67%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Anita Rivkin-Carothers | 3,514 | 36.99% |
| Melanie Rose Nuby | 2,118 | 22.29% |
| Kevin Kenneth Pechous | 1,680 | 17.68% |
| David H. Latham | 1,569 | 16.52% |
| T. Lee Boyd Jr. | 619 | 6.52% |
Peter Fera leads for Republican nomination in 15th Subcircuit
Here are the numbers:
REP - Cook Circuit Court Judge 15th Sub (Add. Judge A)
Precincts Counted: 319 of 373 (85.52%)
REP - Cook Circuit Court Judge 15th Sub (Add. Judge A)
Precincts Counted: 319 of 373 (85.52%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Donald Theodore Lyman | 5,876 | 44.38% |
| Peter Fera | 7,363 | 55.62% |
Powell bests O'Neill for Thomas vacancy
Not all the appointed judges fared badly this evening.
In addition to Judges Marilyn F. Johnson and Maureen Ward Kirby, appointed Judge Joan Powell turned back a strong challenge from E. Madeline O'Neill to take the Thomas vacancy. These are the City numbers as of 10:58 p.m. (no, they haven't updated for awhile now):
These are the suburban numbers:
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Thomas)
Precincts Counted: 2,063 of 2,290 (90.09%)
In addition to Judges Marilyn F. Johnson and Maureen Ward Kirby, appointed Judge Joan Powell turned back a strong challenge from E. Madeline O'Neill to take the Thomas vacancy. These are the City numbers as of 10:58 p.m. (no, they haven't updated for awhile now):
| DEM - Judge of the Circuit Court (Vacancy of Thomas) |
| 2334 out of 2579 precincts (90.50 %) |
| E. Madeline O'Neill | 107,625 | 27.43 % |
| Joan Powell | 193,395 | 49.30 % |
| David John Mulvihill | 23,894 | 6.09 % |
| Patrick Dennis Riley | 67,386 | 17.18 % |
These are the suburban numbers:
DEM - Circuit Court Judge Full Circuit (Thomas)
Precincts Counted: 2,063 of 2,290 (90.09%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| E. Madeline O'Neill | 80,604 | 28.68% |
| Joan Powell | 124,994 | 44.47% |
| David John Mulvihill | 21,380 | 7.61% |
| Patrick Dennis Riley | 54,101 | 19.25% |
It's not a good night for some appointed judges
LaGuina Clay-Clark was appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court to the Turkington vacancy in the 1st Judicial Subcircuit... but it looks like her bid to hold that seat has been thwarted this evening by Donna L. Cooper. Here are the City numbers as of 10:50 p.m.:
These are the suburban numbers:
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 1st Sub (Turkington)
Precincts Counted: 54 of 59 (91.53%)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Martin D. Coghlan was appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court to the A vacancy in the 15th Subcircuit, but he too seems to have been unable to hold that seat:
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 15th Sub (Add. Judge A)
Precincts Counted: 306 of 373 (82.04%)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Laura Bertucci Smith was appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court to the Figeuroa vacancy in the 6th Judicial Subcircuit, but she, too, seems to have been unable to hold that seat. Here are the City results as of 10:50 p.m.:
Other appointed judges who seem to have lost their bids to hold their seats are Judge Thaddeus L. Wilson (Montelione vacancy countywide), Judge Thomas R. Mulroy (12th Subcircuit, Devlin vacancy), Judge Kenneth L. Fletcher (10th Subcircuit, Pucinski vacancy), Judge James Edward Snyder (10th Subcircuit, Kowalski vacancy), Judge Furmin D. Sessoms (5th Subcircuit, Bush vacancy), and Judge James A. Shapiro (8th Subcircuit, Sheehan vacancy).
| DEM - Judge, 1st Subcircuit (Vacancy of Turkington) |
| 265 out of 300 precincts (88.33 %) |
| Donna L. Cooper | 27,866 | 52.62 % |
| LaGuina Clay-Clark | 21,488 | 40.58 % |
| Zedrick T. Braden III | 3,602 | 6.80 % |
These are the suburban numbers:
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 1st Sub (Turkington)
Precincts Counted: 54 of 59 (91.53%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Donna L. Cooper | 6,445 | 60.48% |
| LaGuina Clay-Clark | 3,378 | 31.70% |
| Zedrick T. Braden III | 834 | 7.83% |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Martin D. Coghlan was appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court to the A vacancy in the 15th Subcircuit, but he too seems to have been unable to hold that seat:
DEM - Cook Circuit Court Judge 15th Sub (Add. Judge A)
Precincts Counted: 306 of 373 (82.04%)
| Candidates | Votes | % |
| Thomas R. Mahoney | 6,760 | 13.63% |
| Thomas ''TJ'' Somer | 8,024 | 16.18% |
| Mary Louise Ryan Norwell | 5,677 | 11.45% |
| Anna Helen Demacopoulos | 11,326 | 22.84% |
| Michael Emmett McGinnis | 2,197 | 4.43% |
| Carl Evans, Jr. | 7,880 | 15.89% |
| Martin D. Coghlan | 1,033 | 2.08% |
| William Joseph McGann | 1,868 | 3.77% |
| Scott E. Lipinski | 4,825 | 9.73% |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Laura Bertucci Smith was appointed by the Illinois Supreme Court to the Figeuroa vacancy in the 6th Judicial Subcircuit, but she, too, seems to have been unable to hold that seat. Here are the City results as of 10:50 p.m.:
| DEM - Judge, 6th Subcircuit (Vacancy of Figueroa) |
| 265 out of 288 precincts (92.01 %) |
| Mary Katherine M. Moore | 9,549 | 27.04 % |
| Stuart M. Brody | 3,260 | 9.23 % |
| Laura Bertucci Smith | 8,432 | 23.88 % |
| Nancy Hallihan Horodecki | 3,345 | 9.47 % |
| Mauricio Araujo | 10,729 | 30.38 % |
Other appointed judges who seem to have lost their bids to hold their seats are Judge Thaddeus L. Wilson (Montelione vacancy countywide), Judge Thomas R. Mulroy (12th Subcircuit, Devlin vacancy), Judge Kenneth L. Fletcher (10th Subcircuit, Pucinski vacancy), Judge James Edward Snyder (10th Subcircuit, Kowalski vacancy), Judge Furmin D. Sessoms (5th Subcircuit, Bush vacancy), and Judge James A. Shapiro (8th Subcircuit, Sheehan vacancy).
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