Thursday, March 06, 2025

Dr. Klumpp analyzes spending in 2024 Cook County judicial campaigns

FWIW is once again pleased to present a Guest Post by Albert J. Klumpp, a PhD in public policy analysis with a national reputation for expertise on judicial races. Dr. Klumpp is the author of many articles which have appeared in legal publications in Illinois and nationwide. His article, "California's Judicial Retention Elections: Past, Present, and Future," appeared in the December 2024 issue of the Orange County Lawyer Magazine. Dr. Klumpp has been a generous contributor to FWIW for many years.

by Albert J. Klumpp

To finish my work on the 2024 election cycle, here as promised is a look at the campaign spending numbers for all of Cook County’s judicial candidates. Inevitably there will be a few late-arriving bills that have yet to be reported for general election contests, but otherwise the following figures summarize all of the primary and general election spending reported by the 70 individuals who ran for the various judicial vacancies open last year.

Unfortunately the summary figures aren’t entirely comparable with those of past years because of a lack of competition. Of the 45 vacancies open for election, 25 of them were won by a single candidate who faced no opposition in either stage of election. Meaning, more than one-third of the 70 candidates had no one to campaign against. This kept the aggregate numbers lower than they could have been.

Nonetheless, the candidates reported a total of $7,458,054 in campaign spending. The largest contributor to that figure was an infrequent Illinois Supreme Court vacancy, which saw more than $2 million in spending. Here is a table showing the top fifteen spenders:
Obviously the most notable aspect of this table is the massive spending advantage that Joy Cunningham held over her lone opponent, Jesse Reyes, in the Supreme Court contest. When past figures are adjusted for inflation, Cunningham’s total represents the fifth-highest amount spent among the 46 candidates who have sought Supreme Court vacancies in Cook County since 1980. For readers who are curious, here are the top fifteen:
Cunningham’s large financial advantage was undoubtedly a major factor in her success, but as this table demonstrates, money alone is no guarantee of success. Eight of these 15 candidates were unsuccessful, including two of the top three.

Spending for the lower courts was mostly unexceptional. Celia Gamrath’s reported total of $356,556 was the highest amount spent by any of the six Appellate Court candidates, but two of those candidates faced no opposition. And while it ranks as the eighth-highest total among the 203 Appellate Court candidates since 1980, it is well below the biggest spenders.

Similarly, among Circuit Court candidates there were no extreme spenders as there were in the previous three cycles. For countywide vacancies, the biggest spender was Pablo DeCastro, but his reported total of $185,371 ranks only 38th among countywide candidates since 1980 and can be attributed to the unusual situation (in this election cycle) of facing opponents in both the primary and general elections. And the biggest spender among subcircuit candidates (Paul O’Grady, 15th Subcircuit) ranks only 22nd among sub-county candidates since 1980. (O'Grady was defeated by Luciano Panici, who spent nearly as much.)

But despite the lack of extreme spenders in this cycle, and despite the lesser competitiveness, the aggregate numbers did nothing to change the trend in campaign spending that I have noted in the past, both here in FWIW and in published work. The chart below reports median spending numbers, adjusted for inflation, on a decade-by-decade basis:
The chart shows that spending per candidate has grown steadily since the 1990s despite a gradual decrease in the number of candidates per contest. In fact, it may be that the increase in spending is increasingly discouraging potential candidates. This is a question that I hope to answer in my current research project.

In the meantime, and to conclude, the usual fine print: The amounts reported here come from reviewing every quarterly campaign finance report filed with the Illinois State Board of Elections by every candidate. They include items reported as in-kind contributions, and exclude items that are not directly relevant to the vote-getting objective of the campaign (for instance, loan repayments that are technically required to be reported as expenditures). All pre-2024 totals were adjusted for inflation using basic Consumer Price Index data.

Wednesday, March 05, 2025

You too can be a judge!

At least for a day... or a couple of hours, anyway.

Yes, this is an example of a clickbait headline... and I apologize for stooping so low... but the American Bar Association Law Student Division National Advocacy Competition (NAAC) Committee is trying to recruit volunteers to judge the 2024-2025 NAAC National Finals, to be held April 3 and 4 at the Dirksen Federal Courthouse.

The ABA is touting this as an opportunity to serve as a Supreme Court Justice without the torture and madness of Senate confirmation hearings. Also without the salary, benefits, or pension, but, hey, nothing in this world is perfect....

There's even a possibility of CLE credit, although the ABA's promotional materials make no promises.

Interested persons can sign up for one, two, or more rounds. Persons can even sign up as groups (although I am sure the organizers will try to accommodate, I wouldn't hold them to keeping your group together). The rounds, which include an hour for judge orientation, are as follows:
  • Round 1 - Thursday, April 3 - 8:30 a.m. to 12:45 p.m.
  • Round 2 - Thursday, April 3 - 1:00 to 5:15 p.m.
  • Octofinal Round - Friday, April 4 - 8:00 to 10:30 a.m.
  • Quarterfinal Round - Friday, April 4 - 11:00 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.
  • Semifinal Round - Friday, April 4 - 2:00 to 4:30 p.m.
(Before this post, I believe I would have challenged the word "octofinal" if it were used in Scrabble.)

I've given you the volunteer link, above. It is in the preceding sentence as well. Questions regarding the event can be directed to Erica M. Zepeda, the Law Student Division Program Manager for Early Career Strategy at competitions@americanbar.org.

Who Sits Where: Ash Wednesday edition

Mea culpa, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa... appropriate words to recall at the start of this penitential season of Lent... and also a phrase that I have to utter pretty much every day. Often more than once a day. For various reasons.

But... with input from the Supreme Court and the Illinois State Board of Elections... I think I can finally (third time's the charm) present an accurate list of current Cook County judicial vacancies... until it changes, of course.

Which it will.

That much, I can promise.

Just one other note: The Supreme Court website does have a vacancy list now posted on its website. Here's the link. (The Supreme Court webpage also shows Downstate vacancies, for those inclined to look.)

Any and all remaining errors of omission or commission in the following list are mine alone. But I think we're in good shape now. For the moment....

Countywide Circuit Court Vacancies

Vacancy of the Hon. Cynthia Y. Cobbs -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Mary Ellen Coghlan -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. William H. Hooks -- Linda Sackey
Vacancy of the Hon. Paul Karkula -- D'Anthony (Tony) Thedford

Subcircuit Vacancies

1st Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Robert Balanoff -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Carl A. Walker -- Unfilled

3rd Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Thomas W. Murphy -- Unfilled

8th Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Celia L. Gamrath -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Mary L. Mikva -- Unfilled

11th Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Pamela McLean Meyerson -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Mary Colleen Roberts -- Kim Przekota

13th Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Martin C. Kelley -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Shannon P. O'Malley -- Unfilled

16th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Patricia Mendoza -- Unfilled
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Callie L. Baird -- Unfilled

17th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Lloyd J. Brooks -- Unfilled
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. James R. Carroll -- Unfilled

18th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Frank J. Andreou -- Unfilled
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Jeffrey G. Chrones -- Unfilled

19th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. John A. Fairman -- Unfilled
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Michael J. Kane -- Unfilled

20th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. David E. Haracz -- Michael Zink
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Stephanie K. Miller -- Unfilled

Tuesday, March 04, 2025

IBF's Lawyers Rock fundraiser set for Thursday, March 13

Far be it from me to contradict the Illinois Bar Foundation; I am just wary of overly broad generalizations. Call it a sort of lawyerly caution. While I am happy to accept the idea that, in general, lawyers rock -- I have also noted, from time to time, that some lawyers have rocks in their heads. Which is not the same thing.

Either way, the IBF is hosting its annual Lawyers Rock concert and fundraiser on Thursday, March 13, at the Bottom Lounge, 1375 W. Lake.

Doors open a 5:30 p.m.; the music starts at 6:00. The Bisceglia Brothers will open the show. Also scheduled to appear are the following bands:
  • The Motions,
  • The Thornes, and
  • Coyote Heavy (making their Lawyers Rock debut).
Pete Hoste of Leahy Hoste Alkaraki will serve as MC.

General admission tickets are $75 each (includes food, complimentary valet parking, and two beverage tickets); VIP tickets are $100 (includes food, complimentary valet parking and open bar). Reduced price tickets are available for YLD members and law students. To buy any of these tickets, start on this page of the IBF website.

And, of course, sponsorships are available. Scroll down on this page of the IBF website for details.

Additional vacancies not listed in yesterday's "Who Sits Where"

I told you that yesterday's list was likely incomplete. Sure enough, before last night was over, an anonymous FWIW reader tipped me off as to a number of additional vacancies.

The information provided has the semblance of truth, but I can't vouch for the information at this point, not without confirmation. I don't have the reputational capital to spare. On the other hand, because this appears legit, I believe this is appropriate to share, subject to the foregoing caveat.

Basically, three of these five additional vacancies arise because of the election of several associate judges to full circuit judgeships in November. And, remember, the first 10 vacancies occurring in the ranks of the associate judges are parceled out to the new subcircuits (Nos. 16-20).

I listed two 16th and 20th Subcircuit vacancies yesterday, and one in the 19th. But my informant adds two 17th and 18th Subcircuit vacancies, and another in the 19th, to wit:
  • 17th - Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Lloyd J. Brooks,
  • 17th - Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. James R. Carroll,

  • 18th - Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Jeffrey G. Chrones,
  • 18th - Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Frank J. Andreou, and

  • 19th - Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Michael J. Kane.
Judge Carroll retired last October; Judge Kane retired last February. I knew about Judge Carroll's retirement, but I did not know about the disposition of his vacancy. I did not know about Judge Kane's retirement.

Judges Brooks, Chrones, and Andreou all were associate judges who were elected to subcircuit seats in November. Andreou was elected from the 12th Subcircuit, but (and there's a sort of symmetry here) Brooks was elected from the 17th Subcircuit (he was appointed to the seat before Election Day), while Chrones was elected in the 18th Subcircuit.

Now, of course, I'm not trying to push anyone out the door, especially when they just got their seats, but if my informant is correct, voters in the 17th Subcircuit would get to fill a Brooks vacancy in 2026... and again at some point in the future. Similarly, voters in the 18th Subcircuit would get to fill a Chrones vacancy in 2026 and whenever Judge Chrones decides to call it a career.

We didn't get that sort of thing when the original subcircuits were put in place... just "A" and "B" and "C" vacancies and the like.

Anyway, I will seek official confirmation of these additional vacancies and update the "Who Sits Where" in due course as appropriate.

Monday, March 03, 2025

Who Sits Where: Pulaski Day edition

Yes, it's Pulaski Day -- far too early to be talking about the 2026 election. Don't blame me, however. I don't determine the election cycle, I just write about one small corner of it. Lobby your elected representatives instead. Tell them August would be a much better time than March in which to hold a primary: By August 2026 John Q. and Mary Sue Public will be starting to think in earnest about the elections in November and more willing to inform themselves about the issues of the day. They would be far more willing to come out and vote to select candidates worthy of public support in an August primary. If your elected officials could respond honestly, they might say something like this: Duh. That's why we hold the primary in March, before anyone has a clue what we're up to.

Then the asteroid would hit....

But don't worry; were you fool enough to make such a suggestion, your elected representatives would ignore you and/or agree that yours is a marvelous idea, that they've always supported, but that they haven't been able to move the idea forward in Springfield. And, if you want to be a judge, don't put your elected officials on the spot like this; it won't help at slating time.

If you don't want to be a judge, or if you couldn't get slated with a million dollars of readily disposable income, please also lobby your elected officials support legislation to make the judicial primaries non-partisan.

It astounds anyone not from Chicago (and also anyone possessing at least three functioning brain cells) that we elect our mayor and our alderpersons in a "non-partisan" primary, but we make persons running to be professional neutrals -- you know, judges? -- run in partisan primaries (and, in Cook County, as a practical matter, only in the Democratic primary). But -- sputters the out-of-towner -- that effectively disenfranchises Republicans or independents unwilling to vote in a partisan primary! And the politicians would stare blankly in response, thinking, but never actually vocalizing, Duh. That's why we do it this way.

But, again, don't blame me. This is not my system. I'm just offering navigation aids here for those looking to set sail on a sea of political insanity.

What follows is a list of known judicial vacancies that will be on the 2026 ballot. This list is entirely unofficial, and almost certainly incomplete. I've indicated those vacancies filled by temporary appointment or where an appointment process has been announced. There will be more vacancies and more appointments both.

Any and all errors of omission or commission in the following list are mine alone and I will be grateful for additions and corrections provided. This list will likely be updated several times in the coming months.

Countywide Circuit Court Vacancies

Vacancy of the Hon. Cynthia Y. Cobbs -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Mary Ellen Coghlan -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. William H. Hooks -- Linda Sackey
Vacancy of the Hon. Paul Karkula -- D'Anthony (Tony) Thedford

Subcircuit Vacancies

1st Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Robert Balanoff -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Carl A. Walker -- Unfilled

3rd Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Thomas W. Murphy -- Unfilled

8th Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Celia L. Gamrath -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Mary L. Mikva -- Unfilled

11th Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Pamela McLean Meyerson -- Unfilled
Vacancy of the Hon. Mary Colleen Roberts -- Kim Przekota

13th Subcircuit
Vacancy of the Hon. Shannon P. O'Malley -- Unfilled

16th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Patricia Mendoza -- Unfilled
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Callie L. Baird -- Unfilled

19th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. John A. Fairman -- Unfilled

20th Subcircuit
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. David E. Haracz -- Michael Zink
Converted from the Vacancy of the Hon. Stephanie K. Miller -- Unfilled